Underground, Overground: Rock Music and Youth Discourses in Iran

Underground, Overground: Rock Music and Youth Discourses in Iran. Iranian
Studies (Special Issue: Music and Society in Iran) by Laudan Nooshin

The Tehran basement (zir-e zamin) is an interesting phenomenon. A standard feature
of the ubiquitous apartment blocks that were built from the 1960s onwards and
became one of the most prominent signs of modernity in the rapidly expanding city,
the basement is rooted in traditional architectural designs in which the space below
ground offered seclusion as well as coolness in summer and warmth in winter…

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Underground overground Author Final Version of Nooshin Iranian Studies 2005